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Cac loai mat khau ZIP - manh vs yeu, giai thich (khi nao bo go online co the giup)

Lan ra soat cuoi 2026-05-04. Mot huong dan quyet dinh 30 giay truoc khi ban tai mot ZIP duoc bao ve bang mat khau len Remove ZIP Password: cong cu online co the thuc su go cac loai ma hoa ZIP nao, va cac loai nao khong kha thi ve mat tinh toan de pha? Cau tra loi trung thuc phu thuoc vao hai dieu - thuat toan ma hoa duoc nuong vao ZIP (ma hoa truyen thong ZIP 2.0 cu so voi WinZip AES-256), va do manh cua mat khau ma nguoi tao tep da chon. Cap doi quyet dinh xem archive co the khoi phuc trong vai giay, vai gio, hay khong bao gio.

Quyet dinh 30 giay. Mo ZIP trong bat ky trinh quan ly archive nao (7-Zip, WinRAR, Archive Utility cua macOS, hoac ung dung Files tren Windows). Doc nhan ma hoa tren muc bi khoa. "ZipCrypto" / "Ma hoa truyen thong" / "ZIP 2.0" voi mat khau ngan so hoac tu dien → Remove ZIP Password thuong tra ket qua trong vai giay-den-vai phut. "AES-256" (hoac "AE-2", bien the WinZip AES) voi mat khau manh 12+ ky tu hon hop → bo go online khong the giup; buoc tiep theo dung la hoi mat khau tu nguoi tao tep, hoac dung cong cu goc da tao ZIP. "AES-256" voi mat khau ngan hoac tu dien → co the khoi phuc tuy thuoc vao mat khau, nhung cham hon ZIP 2.0; thu Remove ZIP Password va xem.

Truong hop 1 - ZIP 2.0 cu (ma hoa truyen thong): khoi phuc trong vai giay-den-vai phut cho mat khau ngan / so / tu dien

"Ma hoa truyen thong ZIP 2.0" (cung duoc goi la "ZipCrypto" boi 7-Zip va "ma hoa ZIP" boi WinZip) la dinh dang mat khau ZIP goc tu PKZIP 2.0 cua PKWARE nam 1989. Day la dinh dang mat khau mac dinh cho ho tro ZIP tich hop tren Windows cu ("Gui den thu muc nen (zipped)" tren Windows 7 / 8 / 10) va cho nhieu ZIP xuat tep tu ung dung web. Cong cu "go mat khau ZIP" khoi phuc dinh dang nay nhanh chong vi (a) derivation khoa ZIP 2.0 re - mot CRC-32 cong vai phep thao tac bit moi lan thu mat khau, khong phai mot KDF co y cham nhu PBKDF2 - va (b) hau het mat khau o dinh dang nay la ngan, so, hoac tu dien.

  • Khi bo go online thang nhanh: mat khau co 1-8 ky tu, toan so (mot ngay, mot so dien thoai, mot ma buu dien), mot tu dien ngon ngu pho bien, hoac mot mau ghi nhan nhu "123456" / "password". Remove ZIP Password thuong tra ket qua trong vai giay-den-vai phut.
  • Khi bo go online cham lai: mat khau co 9-12 ky tu chu so hon hop. Khong gian tim kiem brute-force tang ~70x moi ky tu, nen mot mat khau 6 ky tu hoan thanh trong 2 giay mat hang tuan o 10 ky tu va bo go co the het thoi gian.
  • Lam sao biet ban co ZIP 2.0: trong 7-Zip, nhap chuot phai vao muc bi khoa → Properties → cot "Method" hien ZipCrypto. Trong WinRAR, thuoc tinh tep hien "ZIP 2.0 (legacy)". Tren macOS, chay unzip -v archive.zip trong Terminal va doc che do ma hoa trong tieu de thu muc trung tam.
  • Sau khi khoi phuc: archive da go mat khau khong con ma hoa cu, nen re-zip trong cong cu hien dai voi AES-256 (xem Truong hop 2) la buoc tiep theo dung neu ban can giu tep bi mat.

Truong hop 2 - WinZip AES-256 voi mat khau manh: khong khoi phuc duoc boi bat ky bo go online

WinZip AES-256 (mo rong "AE-2" gioi thieu trong WinZip 9.0 nam 2003, duoc 7-Zip, WinRAR, macOS hien dai va hau het cong cu ZIP Linux hien dai chap nhan) dung Advanced Encryption Standard voi kich thuoc khoa 256-bit, voi khoa duoc derive tu mat khau qua PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA1 va 1.000 lan lap - mot ham derivation khoa co y cham. Mot mat khau manh (12+ ky tu, chu hon hop, so va ky hieu, khong phai tu dien) tao ra khong gian tim kiem khoang 10^24 ung vien ma khong may don, GPU rig, hay cong cu online nao co the lap qua trong thoi gian hop ly. Ma hoa an toan ve mat tinh toan chong brute force o kich thuoc mat khau ma hau het nguoi dung thuc su chon.

  • Khi truong hop nay ap dung: nguoi tao tep chon AES-256 trong 7-Zip ("Encryption method → AES-256"), WinZip ("Use AES encryption"), WinRAR (AES mac dinh cho ZIP tu 5.x), hoac archive tich hop macOS (AES-256 mac dinh tu macOS 10.13). Mat khau 12+ ky tu va khong phai tu dien.
  • Cai bo go online khong the lam: brute-force AES-256 + mat khau manh se mat lau hon tuoi vu tru tren bat ky phan cung nao ton tai hom nay. Cong cu se chay, het thoi gian, va tra ve "khong khoi phuc duoc". Ma hoa da lam viec - day la ket qua mong doi, khong phai loi cong cu.
  • Lam sao biet ban co AES-256: trong 7-Zip cot "Method" hien AES-256; trong WinRAR chi tiet ma hoa noi "AES-256" hoac "AE-2"; unzip -v archive.zip tren Linux / macOS hien ma phuong thuc nen 99 trong tieu de tep local cho muc AE-2.
  • Buoc tiep theo dung la gi: hoi nguoi tao tep ve mat khau, kiem tra email / chat / tai lieu noi no duoc giao tiep ban dau, dung tinh nang khoi phuc mat khau cua cong cu archive goc, hoac xem archive nhu khong khoi phuc duoc va yeu cau xuat moi. Neu van de la ZIP bi hong thay vi quen mat khau, xem Recover a corrupt ZIP file - options.

Truong hop 3 - WinZip AES-256 voi mat khau yeu / ngan / tu dien: co the khoi phuc, cham hon ZIP 2.0

Truong hop o giua la phuc tap. ZIP dung AES-256 (ma hoa hien dai, manh), nhung mat khau ngan (6-8 ky tu), toan so, hoac tu dien. PBKDF2 voi 1.000 lan lap lam moi lan thu ~1.000x cham hon mot lan thu ZIP 2.0 - mot tim kiem hoan thanh trong 2 giay tren ZIP 2.0 mat ~30 phut tren AES-256. Tan cong tu dien chong mot tu pho bien van hoan thanh trong vai phut-den-vai gio; brute-force chong 1-8 chu so (10^8 ung vien) hoan thanh trong vai gio-den-vai ngay tren phan cung tieu dung. Remove ZIP Password thu cai nay va co the hoac khong tra ket qua trong ngan sach thoi gian cua no.

  • Dang thu: mat khau nghi ngo la 1-8 chu so (mot ngay, ma buu dien, PIN bon chu so mo rong thanh 8) hoac mot tu dien pho bien.
  • Se het thoi gian: mat khau 9+ ky tu hon hop voi ky hieu, hoac passphrase nhieu tu. Tai diem do tep thuc te o Truong hop 2.
  • Ky vong: Remove ZIP Password tra mat khau khoi phuc (ket qua Truong hop 1 / Truong hop 3 yeu) hoac "khong khoi phuc trong ngan sach thoi gian" (ket qua Truong hop 3 manh / Truong hop 2). Cong cu khong gia bo pha cai khong the.

Luong quyet dinh: tu mot ZIP bi khoa den buoc tiep theo dung

Buoc 1 - xac dinh loai ma hoa. Mo ZIP trong 7-Zip / WinRAR hoac chay unzip -v archive.zip. ZipCrypto / "ZIP 2.0" / "Traditional" → Truong hop 1. AES-256 / "AE-2" → Truong hop 2 hoac 3, quyet dinh boi do manh mat khau.

Buoc 2 - uoc tinh do manh mat khau. Neu ban co bat ky doan nao (mot ngay, ten du an, ten nguoi nhan) ban roi vao Truong hop 1 / Truong hop 3 yeu va bo go online dang thu. Neu tep den tu nguoi gui co y thuc bao mat chon passphrase ngau nhien 16 ky tu ban roi vao Truong hop 2 va bo go online khong giup.

Buoc 3 - hanh dong tren truong hop. Truong hop 1 hoac Truong hop 3 yeu → tai len Remove ZIP Password; cho cau tra loi trong vai giay-den-vai gio. Truong hop 2 (hoac Truong hop 3 manh) → KHONG tai len; khoi phuc mat khau tu noi no duoc luu ban dau (email, password manager, tai lieu), hoi nguoi gui, hoac xem archive nhu khong khoi phuc duoc.

Buoc 4 - bao ve lai sau khoi phuc. Neu khoi phuc mat khau thanh cong va ban van can bi mat, re-zip noi dung voi Compress, ZIP File and Folder hoac 7-Zip dung AES-256 va passphrase manh ghi trong password manager. Tep khoi phuc o ZIP 2.0 cu theo thiet ke - de no o dinh dang do giu no bao ve yeu. Huong dan dong hanh PDF password types - owner vs user che do cau truc tuong tu o phia PDF; bai hoc co ban giong nhau o ca hai dinh dang - do manh ma hoa va do manh mat khau nhan voi nhau, va mot diem yeu o bat ky lam tep co the khoi phuc.

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